PAIL Guide to Procedural International Law

II.  Dispute Settlement

How do disputes between States and other international actors get resolved? The true test of the success of international law as a legal system is its ability to peacefully manage disputes.

The Project on International Courts and Tribunals
A significant site that collects a wide variety of information about different forms of transnational dispute settlement institutions.

African Courts and Tribunals
The African International Courts and Tribunals Website of the Project on International Courts and Tribunals: a reference guide to the work of African courts and tribunals.

International Dispute Settlement Ð Electronic Information System for International Law (EISIL)

Project on Dispute Settlement in International Trade, Investment, and Intellectual Property Ð United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
The Project on Dispute Settlement in International Trade, Investment and Intellectual Property aims to help building a permanent capacity in developing countries - in particular, the least developed countries (LDCs) - and countries with economies in transition for dispute settlement in international trade, investment and intellectual property.

A.  The International Court of Justice (ICJ or World Court)

The ICJ is the judicial arm of the United Nations. Only States can be a party before the Court.

ICJ Homepage
Gives news from the ICJ, the docket, all contentious and advisory cases, general info, basic documents (such as the Charter of the UN and the Statute of the ICJ), and it provides a search engine.

ICJ — Cornell Law Library
The ICJ's official mirror site for the Americas, provides the Court's docket and cases, foundational documents and court rules, and research guides.

Global policy forum — articles regarding ICJ
A collection of scholarly and policy articles on the subject of the World Court and its activity.

ICJ Research Guide — University of California, Hastings College of Law
A guide to starting points, both online and traditional, for conducting research on the ICJ and its opinions.

World Court Digest
The World Court Digest represents a reproduction, in a systematic arrangement, of the views on questions of international law which are expressed in the judgements, advisory opinions and orders of the International Court of Justice as well as in the separate opinions of individual judges.

ICJ resources — Pritzker Legal Research Center, Northwestern University School of Law
An overview of key resources useful when researching the Court.

B.  International Arbitration

States and other international actors (including businesses and individuals) will often appear before ad hoc international tribunals, commissions or institutions to resolve disputes.

International Court of Arbitration - International Chamber of Commerce
The International Chamber of Commerce established the International Court of Arbitration to resolve disputes. This site provides the rules of the court, its membership, awards given, etc.

Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
The PCA was the first international institution to provide arbitration services to States. This site introduces the "Court" and provides content on current matters before the arbitration panel.

International Commercial Arbitration: Resources in Print and Electronic Format
Resources on this site include background sources, treaties, casebooks, arbitration rules and more. The site also includes hypertext link to additional resources.

International Commercial Arbitration — American Society of International Law
Extensive links related to international commercial arbitration, including arbitration rules and national arbitration statutes.

Lex Mercatoria
Index of categorized links related to international commercial arbitration.

Institute of International Economic Law — Georgetown University Law Center
The IIEL's list of "best sites", online documents and cases addressing commercial arbitration.

International Commercial Arbitration Ð Georgetown Law Library
This guide introduces researchers to the primary sources for international commercial arbitration research - treaties, arbitral awards, court decisions and arbitration rules. Also included are secondary sources crucial to thorough research - treatises, periodical literature, current awareness tools and web links. Two databases that are often starting points for international commercial arbitration research are Kluwer Arbitration and TDM Transnational Dispute Management. Both of these databases are only available to the GULC community.

Transnational Law Database Ð Online Database of International Arbitration Awards
The Transnational Law Digest & Bibliography (TLDB) is the world's first online knowledge and codification platform for transnational commercial law. The TLDB is unique in many ways. It contains a comprehensive Digest of principles and rules of transnational commercial law like good faith, standard of reasonableness, duty to renegotiate, invalidity of contract due to fraud or bribery, claims for interest and compound interest, damages for breach of contract, duty to mitigate, set-off, unjust enrichment, piercing the corporate veil, distribution of burden of proof, duty to compensate for expropriation, settlement privilege etc. It provides in the Digest quick, reliable and free-of-charge access to precedent-authorities needed to ascertain the disputed meaning of key legal terms of transnational commerce, e.g. "force majeure", "hardship", "best efforts", "time is of the essence", "FOB", "CIF" etc. It provides in the Digest thousands of full text references (arbitral awards, court decisions, law review articles, domestic laws, conventions, model laws, international restatements etc.); contains the largest bibliography on transnational commercial law on the internet. Developed and operated by the Center for Transnational Law (CENTRAL), University of Cologne, Germany.

International Commercial Arbitration Research Guide Ð Cornell University Law Library
Provides internet resources, lists of specialized and general purpose institutions, arbitral awards, arbitral rules, and national arbitration statutes.

C.  Human Rights Commissions (UN, ECHR)

Much of international human rights norms are elaborated and enforced through human rights bodies and commissions, including the United Nations, the European Court for Human Rights and other institutions.

European Court of Human Rights
Provides general info on the ECHR, case-law, info notes and surveys, pending cases, judgments and decisions, basic texts, and press releases.

United Nations
UN's homepage. From here one can click to the ICJ, ILC, etc.

Human Rights Bodies Ð Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
Information about and links to all the bodies in the United Nations system that operate to enforce human rights treaties.

HURISearch — human rights search engine
HURISearch provides one point access to all human rights information published by human rights organisations worldwide, and particularly human rights NGOs.

University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
Search the decisions and general comments of the international human rights treaty bodies.

Human Rights Internet
Provides human rights publications, information on children's rights and the UN human rights system, and listing of human rights organizations worldwide.

Project Diana: An Online Human Rights Archive; Yale University
An online human rights archive at Yale University with case law decisions, important related treaties on human rights, and search engine.

D.  Trade and Investment Disputes

NAFTALaw.org/NAFTAClaims.com
One of the most thorough lists of NAFTA Claim documents on the internet.

Dispute Settlement — World Trade Organization
Official site of the World Trade Organization. Provides links to information on the handling of disputes in the WTO, new negotiations, and individual disputes.

Dispute Settlement: Archive Reports List — World Trade Organization
WTO site enabling users to search for dispute settlement documents by case number, country, or type of report.

International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes — World Bank site
The ICSID's overview page, with links to key resources produced by the World Bank.

Bilateral Investment Treaties and Disputes
A site with alternative resources on investment treaties, focusing heavily on the benefits directed at corporations.

NAFTA dispute settlement procedures — Project on International Courts & Tribunals site
This page provides and overview of the NAFTA dispute settlement procedures and enforcement mechanisms.

Foreign & international trade research guide — NYU Law
The NYU Law Library's page of international trade links.

E.  International Criminal Courts

Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
This site has everything one might want to know about the Rome Statute of the ICC, including links to the extensive background work leading up to the creation of the court, in addition to information on the current ratification status of the Statute.

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
In addition to describing the organization of the Tribunal, this site sets out the indictments and proceedings, as well as judgments handed down by the ICTY.

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
The site provides details on the structure and workings of the Tribunal, the latest news pertaining to the ICTR, and both completed cases and cases still in progress.

International Criminal Court
The ICC site contains information on the organization and its workings.

International Criminal Law research guide — NYU Law
The NYU Law Library's International Criminal Law resource directory.

International Criminal Justice research guide — New England School of Law
The New England School of Law's International Criminal Law resource directory.

Coalition for the International Criminal Court
The Coalition for the International Criminal Court (CICC) is a global network of over 2,000 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) advocating for a fair, effective and independent International Criminal Court (ICC). The site provides updates and developments, cases and situations, ICC structure and officials, Assembly of States Parties, and the history of the ICC.